{
  "schemaVersion": "2.0.0",
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    "slug": "second-sight",
    "name": {
      "value": "Second Sight Medical Products",
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        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "legalName": {
      "value": "Second Sight Medical Products, Inc.",
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        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
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          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
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        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "aliases": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "tagline": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "editorial copy — not a sourced fact"
        }
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      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
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      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "editorial prose — not a sourced fact"
        }
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      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "longDescription": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "type": {
      "value": "defunct",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete",
          "label": "IEEE Spectrum — bionic eyes obsolete"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
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      "value": [
        "medical-implant",
        "neurostimulation",
        "prosthetic",
        "therapeutic"
      ],
      "status": "verified",
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        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "parentCompanySlug": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "spinoutOf": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "founded": {
      "value": "1998",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus_retinal_prosthesis",
          "label": "Wikipedia — Argus retinal prosthesis"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "defunct": {
      "value": "2022",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete",
          "label": "IEEE Spectrum — bionic eyes obsolete"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "locations": {
    "headquartersCountry": {
      "value": "US",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "headquartersCity": {
      "value": "Sylmar",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "addresses": {
      "value": [
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          "city": "Sylmar",
          "region": "CA",
          "country": "US",
          "isHeadquarters": true,
          "type": "hq"
        }
      ],
      "status": "verified",
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        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "employeeCount": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "people": {
    "founders": {
      "value": [
        {
          "name": "Alfred E. Mann",
          "role": "Co-Founder",
          "isFounder": true,
          "isCurrent": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Sam Williams",
          "role": "Co-Founder",
          "isFounder": true,
          "isCurrent": false
        },
        {
          "name": "Gunnar Björg",
          "role": "Co-Founder",
          "isFounder": true,
          "isCurrent": false
        }
      ],
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "leadership": {
      "value": [
        {
          "name": "Robert Greenberg",
          "role": "Founding CEO (1998–2015)",
          "isCurrent": false
        }
      ],
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "products": {
    "deviceSlugs": {
      "value": [
        "second-sight-argus-2"
      ],
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "flagshipDeviceSlug": {
      "value": "second-sight-argus-2",
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "productLineCount": {
      "value": 1,
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "manufacturing": {
    "inHouseManufacturing": {
      "value": true,
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "openSource": {
      "value": false,
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf",
          "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "githubOrg": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "web": {
    "websiteUrl": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Second Sight site retired post-Vivani merger"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "blogUrl": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "supportUrl": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    },
    "socials": {
      "status": "unknown",
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "history": {
    "notableMilestones": {
      "value": [
        {
          "date": "1998",
          "title": "Second Sight founded in Sylmar, CA"
        },
        {
          "date": "2002",
          "title": "Argus I first-in-human trial begins (6 subjects)"
        },
        {
          "date": "2011",
          "title": "Argus II receives CE mark in Europe"
        },
        {
          "date": "2013-02-14",
          "title": "Argus II FDA HDE approval (H110002)",
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002"
        },
        {
          "date": "2019-07-18",
          "title": "Argus II discontinued",
          "description": "Second Sight phases out the retinal implant; ongoing patients report loss of technical support.",
          "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete"
        },
        {
          "date": "2022",
          "title": "Merger with Nano Precision Medical → Vivani Medical (NASDAQ:VANI)"
        }
      ],
      "status": "verified",
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight",
          "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus_retinal_prosthesis",
          "label": "Wikipedia — Argus retinal prosthesis"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002",
          "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System",
          "date": "2013-02-14"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete",
          "label": "IEEE Spectrum — bionic eyes obsolete"
        }
      ],
      "updatedAt": "2026-05-04"
    }
  },
  "editorial": {
    "reputationNotes": "Pioneering but commercially troubled. The 2019 abandonment of Argus II patients (no support, no replacement parts) was widely covered in industry press as a cautionary tale about the lifecycle obligations of implant manufacturers.",
    "controversies": []
  },
  "provenance": {
    "sources": [
      {
        "label": "FDA HDE H110002 — Argus II",
        "url": "https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfhde/hde.cfm?id=h110002"
      },
      {
        "label": "Second Sight — Argus II FDA approval press release",
        "url": "https://www.retinafarpe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SecondSightFDAapproval.pdf"
      },
      {
        "label": "Wikipedia — Argus retinal prosthesis",
        "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus_retinal_prosthesis"
      },
      {
        "label": "Bionic-vision.org — Second Sight company profile",
        "url": "https://www.bionic-vision.org/companies/second-sight"
      },
      {
        "label": "IEEE Spectrum — bionic eyes obsolete",
        "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/bionic-eye-obsolete"
      }
    ],
    "lastReviewedAt": "2026-05-06"
  }
}